See -eren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old English -erian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -erian",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-rōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-rōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -erian, -orian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-rien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ry",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-eren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 29 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 24 18 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A frequentative suffix forming verbs from other verbs or onomatopoeia, indicating repetition or continuity."
],
"id": "en--eren-enm-suffix-2Zddgk~C",
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeia",
"onomatopoeia#English"
],
[
"repetition",
"repetition#English"
],
[
"continuity",
"continuity#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-elen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-(ə)rən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-ərn/"
}
],
"word": "-eren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-eren",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ren"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 23 24 18 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ren"
],
"id": "en--eren-enm-suffix-wPi41hU3",
"links": [
[
"-ren",
"-ren#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-eren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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"3": "I"
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"expansion": "I",
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{
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{
"args": {
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"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -erian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English -erian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-rōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-rōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-rōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -erian, -orian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-rien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ry",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-eren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A frequentative suffix forming verbs from other verbs or onomatopoeia, indicating repetition or continuity."
],
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative#English"
],
[
"onomatopoeia",
"onomatopoeia#English"
],
[
"repetition",
"repetition#English"
],
[
"continuity",
"continuity#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-elen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-(ə)rən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-ərn/"
}
],
"word": "-eren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-eren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ren"
],
"links": [
[
"-ren",
"-ren#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-eren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -eren meaning in Middle English (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.